Managing Old Growth. What is the Best Rate of Cut. Ostensibly when there is little left, Zero. Sept 28 Jorma Jyrkkanen

Hundred pound Chinook produced by gravels fed by an Old Growth Forest until we Europeans came along. Declining.

Old Growth Forest Harvest Rate Questioned May. 6th, 2011 at 8:46 AM Old Growth Forest Harvest Rate Author: Jorma Jyrkkanen Added : Friday, March 28th 2008 Related Tags : Old growth, forests, management, sustainable, Jorma Jyrkkanen If Old Growth Forest took a thousand or more years to reach its dynamic equilibrium state, then this needs to be taken into account to establish the harvest rotation cycle. Therefore, the rotation age for this forest should be at least a thousand years. If one were to use a four pass system in such a forest in order to assure the continuation of Old Growth, then a quarter of the operable wood (minus ESA's, reserves for seed, soil and science, net downs for buffers, corridors) could be harvested every 250 years. If it took 2400 years to reach Old Growth status, then a quarter could be harvested every 600 years and the rotation cycle would be 2400 years. This sort of thinking protects all of the 'Other Values' of old growth far far better than current practice. The problem is this, Forestry practice to date establishes a harvest cycle based upon the concept of Thrifty mature, a state where trees reach an annually decreasing growth rate which is tapering off. Most North American trees reach such a state in about 90 to 140 years. This practice is based solely on maximizing tree volume harvested in the shortest possible time and arose from viewing all trees as resources for man. Its an idea spawned in the boreal forest where fires, bugs or blow down destroys birch, poplar, pine and spruce forests when they are mature at about 90 -140 years old. The idea is that if you don't take the wood when its good, the bugs, fires, blowdown are going to take it for sure. Its an idea mis-applied to the West coast forests. West coast cedars, douglas firs and sitka spruce can live an enormous amount of time and be growing the whole while. There are trees alive today that took root the very moment when Julius Caesar was being stabbed by Brutus. Our Old Growth forests are not boreal in character or function in any way. There is clearly a clash between what the objectives of sound forest practice are here. Sound forestry should base harvest cycle on the dynamic equilibrium age for old growth forests when dealing with Old Growth forests, not tree thrifty mature age and take only a proportion of the annual growth. In an old growth forest, growth is balanced by death and decay. When a dead giant falls to the ground, it creates an opening which triggers a huge burst of growth of seedlings and saplings and poles, which live off other fallen giants being mulched by bugs and fungi. We are not seeing the Forest for the Trees. We need to be managing forests, not trees. It is only through this huge yet obvious logical paradigm shift that we will enable sustainable forestry practice. Clearly, this is not happening. There also needs to be moratoria put on Old Growth as apology areas for mistakes made in past forest management practice. Concepts developed around maximum return and disturbance renewed naturally short rotating forests like interior pine have no place on the west coast or interior Old Growth forests if we are to manage them wisely. All forests should not be painted with the same brush. By my reckoning, through application of this Pioneer miner's mentality, we have grossly over-estimated the British Columbia annual allowable harvest volume as well as the long run sustained yield and are seriously over logging this Province and are definitely not conducting sustainable forest practices. There is an old Geezer named Merve Wilkinson who lived near Ladysmith, Vancouver Island, who learned how to have your Forest and eat it too. Until we learn to do what he has done on a Provincial Old Growth Forest scale and abolish clear cutting of this forest type, we need to use the guidelines I have developed here. Merve's place is not exactly an old growth forest, because he removes all the annual growth. An Old Growth Forest that has reached dynamic equilibrium recycles it. But Merve has started leaving tops and organic debris on the site for recycling and so its a best case situation for everybody, because we, like bugs and woodpeckers, have a right to the forests annual production too. Here is what is true for Merve's place called Wildwood Wildwood has more wood on it today than when Merve Wilkinson, now 87, began managing the forest in 1938. He assessed the total timber stand, calculated its annual growth (68,000 board feet per year), and every five years he harvested the growth, with no clearcuts, and no disturbance of the soil. Over the years, he has extracted more timber than the forest held, and yet the entire forest still exists, trees, beauty, flowers, birds and all, with as much timber as ever. It is quality timber, too, since Merve has never planted a tree or used any pesticides or fungicides. Using small custom milling, he gets more wood from each log than the big mills do. Merve is completely opposed to clear cut logging. To find out more about how Merve does it go to this web site: http://managingwholes.com/merve.htm Copyright 2008 Jorma Jyrkkanen. All rights reserved.

A Possible New Species of Squid in Fossil(s) Found in the Brown Rock Band at the Base of Illecillewaet Glacier, Rogers Pass, BC. 15 Sept 2022. Jorma Jyrkkanen

I have a putative discovery of fossil Squid of unknown age from Glacier Park on the bare brown rock band running down the mountain rock exposed by Glacial retreat below Illecillewaet Glacier. It may be new to science. I have not seen this shape of abdomen previously. Several pictures follow.

Locale From Google Earth I estimated the fossil(s) were approximately 1575 m in elevation and approximately at 5 d 14' 57" N by 117 d 28' 07" W. The Yellow Spot Marks the approximate location. The Clear spot is the Great Glacier maintained trail terminus.

A side shot of the brown rock band. I will try to determine the age from geological reports.

Question Is this an unknown Squid and what is the age of this band of Brown Rock. It runs downhill and is very distinct from the grey surrounding rock. I presume it is marine in origin and had a lot of iron in it. It has to be less that Late Cambrian I presume for a squid to be so advanced if in fact that is what it is.

EVOLUTION FROM FIRST BILATERAL HOMO CANDIDATE TO FISH TO MAMMALIAN TETRAPODS WHICH WE ARE 2022-09-26. JORMA ANTERO JYRKKANEN

Be it known by all and Sundry Humans are a Tetrapod Modified for Bipedal Locomotion but We have Genes in Common with Myriad Creatures both Extant and Extinct.

RUDIMENTARY TYPE LOCOMOTION APPEAR IN FINS OF LOBE FINNED FISH FIRST BY CONTROLLED INDEPENDENT FIN MOVEMENTS 385 MYA EX EUSTHENOPTERON PELVIC AND PECTORAL FINS SUPPORTED BY INTERNAL BONES START ABOUT 400 MYA. Eusthenopteron's notoriety comes from the pattern of its fin endoskeleton, which bears a distinct humerus, ulna, and radius (in the fore-fin) and femur, tibia, and fibula (in the pelvic fin).

TIIKTALIK AN ADVENTUROUS FISH (SCALES) EXPLORING SHORES (SHUBIN TEAM) DEMONSTRATES ONE BONE (HUMEROUS) TWO BONES (RADIUS ULNA) LITTLE BONES (CARPALS/RUDIMENTARY DIGITS) TYPICAL OF LATER TETRAPODS IN FRONTAL FINS 375 MYA

Ostiolepiforms on the Tetrapod Ancestral Selection Podium

Ancestral characters for clade Elpistostegalia+Tetrapoda.These precise morphologies, illustrated by Eusthenopteron (modified from ref. 16), characterize the tetrapod stem lineage between the Osteolepis+Gogonasus node and the Tristichopteridae node. a, Braincase (known in many genera, including Osteolepis, Gogonasus, Ectosteorachis and Medoevia). b, Dermal skull bones (known in most genera). La, lacrimal; Ju, jugal; Po, postorbital; Sq, squamosal; Qj, quadratojugal; Pop, preopercurlar; De, dentary; Mx, maxilla. c, Pectoral girdle and fin, mesial view (pectoral fin skeleton known in Megalichthys, Sterropterygion and tristichopterids; girdle known in many genera). Cla, clavicle; clei, cleithrum; Sca, scapulocoracoid. d, Posterior dorsal fin support (known in Megalichthys, Rhizodopsis and tristichopterids). (Redrawn by permission of the Royal Society of Edinburgh from ref. 14.) BY DEDUCTION It would appear we did ot originate from Lobe Finned Fish per se according to this phylogenetic study but perhaps a cousin. The use of the name Sarcopterygii to describe both lobe-finned fishes and terrestrial vertebrates is also unjustified, asthe jawed fishes and the amniotes form separate branches in the gnathostome tree (Rasmussen et al. 1998). However, this does not imply that tetrapods do not have piscine ancestors.On the contrary, it is probable that extinct piscine taxa (such as Elpistostegalians, ‘Osteolepiforms’ and Rhizodontiforms)constitute the forerunners of the tetrapods, with the two groups forming the Tetrapodomorpha (see Janvier 1996; fig. 5.3,branch 5). This interpretation is consistent with Jarvik’s(1980) theory that the ‘osteolepiform’ Eusthenopteron was anatomically close to the hypothetical ancestral gnathostome (© The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters • Zoologica Scripta, 30, 4, October 2001, pp249–255 249 Arnason, U., Gullberg, A. & Janke, A. (2001). Molecular phylogenetics of gnathostomous( jawed) fishes: old bones, new cartilage. — Zoologica Scripta, 30, 249 –255.U LFUR A RNASON, A NETTE G ULLBERG & A XEL J ANK.

PEDERPES HAS LAND WALKING PADDLE LIKE PAWS FRONT AND BACK BUT STILL WITH LATERAL LINE OF FISH AND LARGE STAPES UNLIKE MODERN TETRAPODS SHOWING ADAPTATION FOR CONDUCTING SOUND VIBRATIONS TO TYMPANUM OR EARDRUM. ROMERS GAP ABOUT 350 MYA. Ichthyostega may have been the first vertebrate to walk on four legs on land because it had ribs to support the legs and body weight against the pull of gravity.

CYODONTS GIVE RISE TO MAMMALIAFORMS ABOUT 225 MYA EX SHREWLIKE MORGANUCODON AND MONOTREMES EX PLATYPUS

THE PROGRESSION FROM AMNIOTA (WITH WATERPROOF EGGS) WAS SYNAPSIDA (LOW OPENING IN SKULL BEHIND THE EYE)--EUPELYCOSAURIA(DETAILED SKU9LL BONE FEATURES)--THERAPSIDA--CYNODONTIA(DOG TOOTH)--THRINAXODONTIDAE--THRINAXODON(BONY SECONDARY PALATE)--MAMMALIA FIRST MAMMALS INCLUDE HADROCODIUM (BRAIN AND INNER EAR) 195 MYA THEN SINONCONODON 193 MYA MOST BASAL MAMMAL. EXTANT MAMMALS SEPARATED 170 MYA MONOTREMES, MARSUPIALS AND PLACENTALS SUGGESTED BY MITOCHONDRIAL STUDIES After Chicxulub took out the dinosaurs this little insectiore rose out of the ashes and gave rise to all placental mammals on earth today. We were this little insectivore once. Our inner fish had to move over and make room for genome adjustments. Appears somewhat reminiscent of earlier Morganucodon

ReferenceSuggestions. Romers Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates and Neil Shubins Your Inner Fish. Who was our original ancestor, the very first animal on our line that had bilateral symmetry, a segmented body and a functioning nervous system? Apparently Ikaria wariootia is a prime candidate but this conflicts with the Ascidian tadpole theory of Garstang which was thought to be a neotenous sea squirt larvae become a free swimming chordate. Is Ikaria descended from the Ascidian larva of Sea Squirts ancient cousins or did that larva go on to directly evolve into a chordate fish or did Ikaria evolve into a free swimming protochordate creature like Pikea and onwards to a fish and then us? Which case is true. They seem mutually exclusive in our story. I guess if we could find a notochord in Ikaria it would give us a clue? This is the fundamental question for our origins from invertebrate to chordate to vertebrate. A worm with a notochord would leave a different trail than one without and this could be discovered by modelling experiments. Then compare them to the original tracks of Ikaria in the sediment. I suspect archaea and later choanoflagellates are involved in the earlier story of our origins. Ecce Proto Homo To We on Not to We that is The Question.

THIS ORIENTAL CLUB HAS GONE BACK TO THE TETRAPODS LOCOMOTION TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE FITNESS ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT BEARING ON THE ANTERIOR LIMBS

From tetrapod to bipedal primate is an intresting story itself and there is much study produced on that and the reader is encouraged to search the literature. SEE ALSO MY RELATED POSTS USING KEYWORD THEORY

Three Easy steps in Making a Pandemic. Make Pathogenic Microbes In Globally Distributed Biolabs, Wait for them to Leak, Send them around the World on Winged Travellers. 2022-09-06. Jorma Jyrkkanen

WHY WE NEED AN INTERNATIONAL BIOLAB UN CONVENTION PROHIBITING LVL IV BIOLAB PROLIFERATION

Three Easy Steps in Creating a Pandemic. Make Pathogens All Over the World in Biolabs Under the Pseudo-purpose Health Research

Leaky Labs of the Past Prove My Analysis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laboratory_biosecurity_incidents Description of Leaks Past 1903 Bacillus mallei United States A laboratory worker became infected with bacterium Bacillus mallei and developed glanders while performing an autopsy on an inoculated guinea-pig. She had a small open wound on her finger while working. The laboratory worker survived.[1] 1932 B virus United States William Brebner died from a viral infection after being bitten by a rhesus monkey during research. The viral agent was later discovered to be the B virus, which was named in memory of Brebner.[2][3] 1943-05-20 Dora Lush Scrub typhus Dora Lush died after accidentally pricking her finger with a needle containing lethal scrub typhus while attempting to develop a vaccine for the disease. 1960–1993 Foot and mouth disease Europe Foot-and-mouth disease virus accidentally released at least 13 times from European laboratories, including those producing FMDV vaccines, between 1960 and 1993 causing nearby foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks.[4] 1966 1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom Smallpox United Kingdom The 1966 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom was an outbreak of mild smallpox which began with Tony McLennan, a photographer at the Medical School in Birmingham, which housed a smallpox laboratory and where 12 years later a fatal smallpox outbreak would occur, also beginning with a medical photographer.[5] 1967 1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany Marburg virus Germany The 1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany was an outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever initial among laboratory workers who were exposed to imported African green monkeys or their tissues while conducting research. A total of 31 people (laboratory workers and their contacts) became sick, seven of whom died.[6] 1971-07-30 1971 Aral smallpox incident Smallpox Soviet Union The 1971 Aral smallpox incident was the outbreak of viral disease which occurred as a result of a field test at a Soviet biological weapons facility on an island in the Aral Sea. The incident sickened ten people, of whom three died, and came to widespread public notice only in 2002.[7] 1972-03[8] Smallpox United Kingdom A 23 year old laboratory assistant at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, was infected with smallpox after observing the harvesting of live smallpox virus from eggs without isolation cabinets at that time. The assistant was hospitalised and before being isolated, she infected two visitors to a patient in an adjacent bed, both of whom died. They in turn infected a nurse, who survived.[9] 1963–1977 Nigeria Between 1963 and 1977 at the Virus Research Laboratory, Ibadan, Nigeria: "Two cases of Chikungunya infection occurred and one each with Dugbe, Wesselsbron, and Dengue viruses ... Among 22 staff members who were monitored during this interval, three seroconverted to Orungo virus and two each to Chikungunya and Rift Valley fever viruses, without experiencing any clinically recognized disease".[10] 1976 Ebola United Kingdom Ebola laboratory infection by the accidental stick of contaminated needle in the United Kingdom.[11] 1977–1979 1977 Russian flu H1N1 influenza virus Soviet Union / China H1N1 influenza virus reappeared circulating in humans in 1977, in the Soviet Union and China. Some virologists, including Joel Wertheim, Shanta Zimmer, and Donald Burke, have suggested the cause of the reappearance was a laboratory escape of a 1949-1950 virus, based on serologic and genetic testing.[12] The WHO conducted an investigation in 1978, after which they concluded the virus was likely not of laboratory origin.[13][14] Other virologists, such as Peter Palese and Chi-Ming Chu, have suggested the 1977 outbreak was the result of human challenge trials of a vaccine against the 1950 H1N1 virus.[15][16] 1978-08-11 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom Smallpox United Kingdom The 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom occurred due to accidental exposure of a strain of smallpox virus that had been grown in a research laboratory in The East Wing of the University of Birmingham Medical School, leading to the illness and death of Janet Parker, who became the last recorded person to die of the disease. 1978 Plum Island Animal Disease Center#Laboratory accidents Foot and mouth disease United States Foot and mouth disease was released to animals outside the center.[17] 1979-04-02 Sverdlovsk anthrax leak Anthrax Soviet Union Spores of anthrax were accidentally released from a Soviet military research facility near the city of Sverdlovsk, Russia (now Yekaterinburg), resulting in approximately 100 deaths, although the exact number of victims remains unknown. The cause of the outbreak was denied by the Soviet authorities, and all medical records of the victims were removed to hide serious violations of the Biological Weapons Convention that had come in effect in 1975.[18] Scientists from the United States ultimately proved the incident was the result of an aerosolized plume of anthrax spores which were genetically identical to the strain studied in a nearby laboratory, not from environmentally contaminated meat, which was the official Soviet explanation.[19] The accident is sometimes referred to as "biological Chernobyl".[20] 1988 Marburg virus disease#1988 laboratory infection Marburg virus Soviet Union Researcher Nikolai Ustinov was lethally infected with the Marburg virus after accidentally pricking himself with a syringe used for inoculation of guinea pigs. The accident occurred at the Scientific-Production Association "Vektor" (today the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vektor") in Koltsovo, USSR (today Russia).[21] 1990 Marburg virus outbreak#Recorded outbreaks Marburg virus Soviet Union There was an outbreak of Marburg virus due to a laboratory accident in Koltsovo, Soviet Union, killing one lab worker.[22] 2001 2001 anthrax attacks Anthrax United States On September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 terrorist attacks, letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news media offices and to Democratic Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy, killing five people and infecting 17 others. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the ensuing investigation became "one of the largest and most complex in the history of law enforcement".[23] On August 6, 2008, Federal prosecutors declared Bruce Edwards Ivins the sole culprit, based on DNA evidence leading to an anthrax vial in his lab.[24] 2002 Anthrax 2002 Fort Detrick anthrax containment breach[25] 2002 West Nile virus Two cases of laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections through dermal punctures.[26] 2002 Arthroderma benhamiae Japan Incident in Japan with Arthroderma benhamiae [sv].[27] 2003-08 Severe acute respiratory syndrome#Laboratory accidents SARS Singapore A 27-year-old doctoral student at the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) developed symptoms consistent with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). An investigation found that the student was infected with samples from SARS coronavirus in the Department of Pathology, while its two BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories were undergoing renovation, which compromised safety practices.[28] 2003-12 Severe acute respiratory syndrome#Laboratory accidents SARS Taiwan A 44-year-old senior scientist at the National Defense University in Taipei was confirmed to have the SARS virus. He had been working on a SARS study in Taiwan's only BSL-4 lab. The Taiwan CDC later stated the infection occurred due to laboratory misconduct.[29][30] 2004-04 Severe acute respiratory syndrome#Laboratory accidents SARS China Two researchers at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention contracted the virus in Beijing, China around April 2004, and then spread the infection to around six other people. The two researchers contracted the virus in two incidents, two weeks apart.[31] 2004-05-05[32] Ebola Russia A researcher at Russian biological weapons research facility VECTOR died after accidentally pricking herself with a needle contaminated with the Ebola virus.[33] 2004 Plum Island Animal Disease Center#Laboratory accidents Foot and mouth disease United States Two incidents of Foot-and-mouth disease outbreak at Plum Island. 2005 H2N2 influenza virus United States and 17 other countries The 1957 pandemic strain of H2N2 influenza virus was included in routine testing kits sent to over 5,000 laboratories, mostly in the United States.[34] The virus was to be used as a positive control in the testing kits when prepared by Meridien Biosciences, but as no one born after 1968 likely has immunity to the virus, this was considered an "unwise" choice of strain by Klaus Stohr, WHO influenza chief at the time.[35] 2005 - 2015 Anthrax United States From 2005 to 2015, the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground mistakenly shipped live anthrax at least 74 times to dozens of labs.[36][37] 2007-07 2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak Foot and mouth disease United Kingdom The 2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak was the accidental discharge of virus FMDV BFS 1860 O from a laboratory of the Institute for Animal Health in Pirbright, through possible leakage from broken pipework and via unsealed overflowing manholes, leading to foot-and-mouth disease infections at multiple nearby farms and the culling of over 2,000 animals.[38] 2009-03-12 Ebola Germany Infection of a German researcher following an accidental laboratory exposure to Ebola, a virus with a high fatality rate.[39] 2009-09-13 Malcolm Casadaban Yersinia pestis United States Malcolm Casadaban died following an accidental laboratory exposure to an attenuated strain of Yersinia pestis, a bacterium that causes the plague.[40] 2010 Classical Swine Fever Virus (Hog cholera) United States In 2010 a release of Classical Swine Fever virus, also known as hog cholera, resulted in the illness of two animals, which were euthanized.[41] 2010 Cowpox United States Cross‐contamination led to the first laboratory‐acquired human cowpox virus infection in the US in a laboratory worker conducting research on non-orthopoxvirus.[42] 2011 Dengue Australia A scientist at a research laboratory in Australia got infected with Dengue through a mosquito bite in the laboratory.[43] 2012 Anthrax United Kingdom The UK's Animal and Plant Health Agency sent out live samples of anthrax by mistake. Its Surrey lab was subject to a Crown Prohibition Notice (CPN), closing it until improvements were made.[44] 2012-04-28 Neisseria meningitidis United States Richard Din died after being infected during vaccine research into Neisseria meningitidis bacteria at a lab inside San Francisco's VA medical center.[45] 2013 H5N1 influenza virus United States A researcher at the Center for Infectious Disease Research in Milwaukee accidentally punctured his gloved hand with a needle loaded with H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza. This incident was one of four notifiable accidents involving dermal punctures at the facility.[46] 2014 H1N1 influenza virus United States Eight mice, some of which may have possibly been infected with SARS or the H1N1 influenza virus, escaped from a laboratory at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.[47] 2014-03-12 H5N1 influenza virus United States Accidental shipping of H9N2 vials contaminated with H5N1 from the CDC lab to a USDA lab.[48] 2014-06-05 Anthrax United States Accidental exposure of viable anthrax to 75 personnel at CDC's Roybal Campus.[49][50][51] 2014-07-01 Smallpox United States Discovery of six vials containing viable smallpox from the 1950s labeled as Variola (another word for smallpox) at the FDA's White Oak campus.[52] 2014 Burkholderia pseudomallei United States Highly toxic Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteria escaped from a BSL-3 laboratory at the Tulane National Primate Research Center near New Orleans, likely on employee's clothes, infecting two monkeys that lived in outdoor cages and later infecting others.[53] 2014 Ebola Sierra Leone A Senegalese epidemiologist was infected with Ebola at a BSL-4 laboratory in Kailahun, Sierra Leone. The World Health Organization later shut down the lab.[54] 2014 Dengue South Korea A 30-year-old female laboratory worker in South Korea working at a BSL-2 was infected with Dengue through a needlestick injury.[55] 2016 Zika virus United States Researcher infected with zika virus in a laboratory accident at University of Pittsburgh.[56] 2016 Nocardia testacea Australia 30 members of staff were exposed to toxic Nocardia testacea bacteria at a CSIRO's Black Mountain site in Canberra, Australia.[57] The Australian government has confirmed this incident as one of two biosecurity incidents.[58] 2016 - 2017 Brucella China In 2016 and 2017, hospital cleaning staff in Nanchang (Jiangxi, China) were accidentally infected with Brucella.[59] 2018 Ebola Hungary Ebola from a laboratory accident led to a single worker being exposed to the Ebola virus, though he did not develop symptoms.[60] 2019-09-17 Russia A gas explosion occurred at Vector. One worker suffered third-degree burns, and the blast blew out window panes.[61] In a statement, Vector said that no biohazard material was stored in the room where the explosion occurred.[62] 2019 Prions France Émilie Jaumain died from variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) ten years after pricking her thumb during an experiment with prion-infected mice at the Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE).[63][64] 2019 Brucellosis China An accident in a laboratory at the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute [zh] caused 65 workers to become infected with brucellosis.[65] A later report from Reuters indicates that a further 6,620 residents of Lanzhou have been infected as of November 2020, and cites the local government as saying that the outbreak was caused by polluted waste gas from a nearby biopharmaceutical factory, which was carried by wind down to the Veterinary Research Institute, where the first cases were recorded in November 2019.[66] 2021 SARS-COV-2 Taiwan A lab worker was bitten and infected by a mouse infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant at a high-biosecurity facility in Taipei.[67] Global Bug Delivery Guarantee; Airplane Passengers, Birds and Food Produce work Well too

Conclusion: Excellent Pandemic Delivery System QED with Plausible Deniability and Stochastic Certainty. Chance alone guarantees leaks and a Nudge can make them happen on Demand CURRENT EXTENT